What was developed or tested
The programme targets aggregate replacement and reduced Portland-cement demand while retaining early strength, support performance and constructability.
What the evidence supports
An Australian pathway-development case rather than a completed product demonstration. Underground support could create an on-site market with lower transport burden.
Environmental and technical uncertainty
Potential benefits include reduced virgin aggregate demand and waste stabilisation; underground exposure, rebound, pumping and leaching need validation.
Benefit-case screening lens
Potential value: Potential co-product revenue, reduced demand for virgin aggregate or binder inputs, local supply and avoided tailings storage.
Deployment constraints: Product specification, consistency, processing and binder demand, customer qualification, market volume, haulage distance and residual liability.
Question before applying elsewhere
Does the site-specific residue meet durability, leaching, production-control and applicable material-specification requirements at the proposed scale?